Magit is an interface to the version control system Git, implemented as an Emacs package. Magit aspires to be a complete Git porcelain. While we cannot (yet) claim that Magit wraps and improves upon each and every Git command, it is complete enough to allow even experienced Git users to perform almost all of their daily version control tasks directly from within Emacs. While many fine Git clients exist, only Magit and Git itself deserve to be called porcelains.
Staging and otherwise applying changes is one of the most important
features in a Git porcelain and here Magit outshines anything else,
including Git itself. Git’s own staging interface (git add --patch)
is so cumbersome that many users only use it in exceptional cases.
In Magit staging a hunk or even just part of a hunk is as trivial as
staging all changes made to a file.
The most visible part of Magit’s interface is the status buffer, which displays information about the current repository. Its content is created by running several Git commands and making their output actionable. Among other things, it displays information about the current branch, lists unpulled and unpushed changes and contains sections displaying the staged and unstaged changes. That might sound noisy, but, since sections are collapsible, it’s not.
To stage or unstage a change one places the cursor on the change and
then types s or u. The change can be a file or a hunk, or when the
region is active (i.e., when there is a selection) several files or
hunks, or even just part of a hunk. The change or changes that these
commands - and many others - would act on are highlighted.
Magit also implements several other "apply variants" in addition to
staging and unstaging. One can discard or reverse a change, or
apply it to the working tree. Git’s own porcelain only supports this
for staging and unstaging and you would have to do something like git
diff ... | ??? | git apply ... to discard, revert, or apply a single
hunk on the command line. In fact that’s exactly what Magit does
internally (which is what lead to the term "apply variants").
Magit isn’t just for Git experts, but it does assume some prior experience with Git as well as Emacs. That being said, many users have reported that using Magit was what finally taught them what Git is capable of and how to use it to its fullest. Other users wished they had switched to Emacs sooner so that they would have gotten their hands on Magit earlier.
While one has to know the basic features of Emacs to be able to make full use of Magit, acquiring just enough Emacs skills doesn’t take long and is worth it, even for users who prefer other editors. Vim users are advised to give Evil, the "Extensible VI Layer for Emacs", and Spacemacs, an "Emacs starter-kit focused on Evil" a try.
Magit provides a consistent and efficient Git porcelain. After a short learning period, you will be able to perform most of your daily version control tasks faster than you would on the command line. You will likely also start using features that seemed too daunting in the past.
Magit fully embraces Git. It exposes many advanced features using a simple but flexible interface instead of only wrapping the trivial ones like many GUI clients do. Of course Magit supports logging, cloning, pushing, and other commands that usually don’t fail in spectacular ways; but it also supports tasks that often cannot be completed in a single step. Magit fully supports tasks such as merging, rebasing, cherry-picking, reverting, and blaming by not only providing a command to initiate these tasks but also by displaying context sensitive information along the way and providing commands that are useful for resolving conflicts and resuming the sequence after doing so.
Magit wraps and in many cases improves upon at least the following Git
porcelain commands: add, am, bisect, blame, branch, checkout, cherry,
cherry-pick, clean, clone, commit, config, describe, diff, fetch,
format-patch, init, log, merge, merge-tree, mv, notes, pull, rebase,
reflog, remote, request-pull, reset, revert, rm, show, stash,
submodule, subtree, tag, and worktree. Many more Magit porcelain
commands are implemented on top of Git plumbing commands.